Mattress Firmness Scale & Guide

Mattress firmness refers to a mattress’s cushioning and is one of the most important factors to consider before deciding to purchase a new bed. The firmness impacts the initial feel of your bed and the amount of pressure relief it provides.

Most mattress brands use a scale from 1 to 10 to describe mattress firmness, with 1 being the softest and 10 being the firmest. Choosing the right firmness level comes down to your personal preferences to an extent, but it mainly depends on your sleep position and body weight.

We detail every mattress firmness as well as how you can find the optimal firmness for you based on your sleeping position, size, and whether or not you share your bed.

Mattress Firmness Scale

Soft (1-2)

Soft mattresses are a 1 to 2 on the mattress scale and offer the most cushioning compared to all other mattresses. Soft mattresses hug your body closely and sink deeply.

They are often made with plush memory foam or pillow-top layers that allow for deep contouring and pressure relief. Because of their plushness, soft mattresses tend to create a cloud-like feel, making them an attractive choice for those who prioritize comfort over firm support.

A soft mattress is usually best for petite and side sleepers. Side sleepers need the extra cushioning to prevent pressure points on the stomach and hips, which can otherwise lead to numbness or tingling sensations over time.

The plush surface allows the shoulders and hips to sink deeper, keeping the spine in a more natural alignment. The petite sleepers need a softer bed to properly cushion the body since it doesn’t put as much pressure on the bed.

Still, there’s such a thing as too much contouring and sinkage. Excessive softness can sometimes cause spinal misalignment, particularly for back and stomach sleepers, leading to discomfort or back pain over time. Additionally, softer beds tend to retain more heat due to the dense foam layers, which might not be ideal for hot sleepers

For this reason, very soft mattresses are usually uncommon. Most softer mattresses are actually around a medium-soft than a true soft.

Additionally, soft mattresses tend to work well for people with joint pain or arthritis, as the plush surface reduces strain on sensitive areas. However, they may not be ideal for individuals who require more lumbar support. If you have lower back pain, you may need a mattress with zoned support that offers extra reinforcement in the lumbar region while still being soft enough for comfort.

Medium-Soft (3-4)

Medium-soft mattresses are a 3 to 4 on the firmness scale and much more common than soft mattresses.

They offer a balance between plush comfort and structured support, making them a versatile option for various sleepers. The top layers are usually softer foams, but the underlying support system prevents excessive sinkage.

A medium-soft mattress still contours closely to your body, but is sturdier and has a thinner comfort layer than a soft mattress so you won’t sink and feel stuck in bed.

Medium-soft mattresses are a good option for individuals who need cushioning to prevent pressure build-up, but also don’t want to feel stuck in their bed, like they can on a soft mattress.

Unlike very soft mattresses, medium-soft beds still provide enough support to keep the spine aligned, which can help reduce morning stiffness.

In general, medium-soft mattresses work well for side sleepers and petite adults.

They are also a suitable option for combination sleepers who prefer a plush feel but still need some level of responsiveness for ease of movement.

Additionally, medium-soft mattresses tend to be a good choice for those with mild back discomfort who still enjoy a softer sleeping surface. Their ability to conform to the body while maintaining some resistance makes them ideal for people who shift positions frequently during the night.

Medium (5-6)

Medium mattresses are a 5 to 6 on the mattress firmness scale and provide an excellent balance of support and cushioning.

They are often constructed with a mix of foam, latex, or hybrid materials, ensuring both comfort and durability. This firmness level allows for gentle contouring without excessive sinkage, making it one of the most popular mattress choices.

They’re a very common mattress firmness because they suit so many different people. Even brands with minimal mattress options will almost always offer a medium mattress.

For those of us who tend to change positions at night, medium mattresses are supportive enough to accommodate multiple positions but aren’t so cushiony that they are hard to move.

Since medium mattresses work well for various body types, they are a particularly good option for guest rooms or shared sleeping spaces.

Medium beds also make the best mattresses for couples with different body types and sleep positions.

Because of their ability to adapt to various sleep styles, they help prevent one partner from feeling discomfort due to a mattress being too soft or too firm. Hybrid medium mattresses, which combine foam and coils, can offer excellent motion isolation, reducing disturbances from a restless partner.

Medium mattresses are also still soft enough for petite individuals to use comfortably.

Moreover, they tend to be the most adaptable choice for guest rooms, as they cater to a wide range of sleepers. Many memory foam and hybrid mattresses fall within this firmness level, offering a balance of contouring and responsiveness.

If you are unsure about the right firmness level, a medium mattress is usually the safest choice.

Medium-Firm (7-8)

Medium-firm mattresses are a 7 to 8 on the firmness scale and provide enough cushioning for you to sleep comfortably without sinking.

These mattresses offer enhanced support, making them ideal for people who need extra spinal alignment without sacrificing comfort. The slightly firmer feel helps maintain the body’s natural posture, reducing strain on muscles and joints.

In most cases, back sleepers are most comfortable on a medium-firm bed.

The added support keeps the lower back from sagging, which helps prevent stiffness and discomfort. Many orthopedic mattresses designed for spinal support fall within this range.

Also, if you weigh more than 230 pounds, a medium-firm mattress is firm enough so you won’t sink in your bed. Along with this, if you struggle with chronic back pain, medium-firm mattresses are a good choice to soothe your discomfort.

Athletes and physically active individuals often benefit from medium-firm beds as they provide the necessary support for muscle recovery.

Additionally, they are an excellent option for hot sleepers, as they typically retain less heat compared to softer models. Innerspring and hybrid medium-firm mattresses tend to have better airflow, reducing overheating at night.

Firm (9-10)

Firm mattresses are as stiff and firm as beds come. They have very thin comfort layers and thick base layers.

They provide minimal sinkage and contouring, making them an excellent choice for those who need a sturdy sleep surface. Because they have very thin comfort layers and thick base layers, they distribute weight more evenly, preventing pressure build-up in any one area.

Just like extra soft beds (1), extra firm beds (10) are rare. Extra firm mattresses are a bit too stiff for most people and can potentially cause you to develop pains, aches, and pressure build-up. For this reason, extra firm mattresses are generally recommended for specific needs, such as post-surgery recovery or for individuals who require a rigid sleeping surface for medical reasons.

Standard firm mattresses (9) are more common.

Some people may see the word “firm” and assume that means uncomfortable, but firm beds can be comfortable.

Firm mattresses are often recommended by chiropractors for people with chronic back pain, as they help maintain proper posture during sleep. However, to improve comfort, some individuals use a plush mattress topper to add slight cushioning without losing support.

Your comfort on a firm bed comes down to your size and sleeping position.

Larger sleepers typically need a firmer sleep surface to support their body and prevent the bed from bottoming out. Similarly, back and stomach sleepers need a firm bed to prevent their lower backs and spines from sinking and throwing their spines out of alignment.

Additionally, firm mattresses tend to be highly durable, as they undergo less compression over time. People with sleep apnea or those who prefer a stable, even sleep surface often find firm mattresses beneficial. However, they may require a plush topper if they need extra cushioning for comfort.

What Determines Mattress Firmness?

Selecting the right mattress is about more than just comfort—it’s about finding the right balance of support and softness based on various factors. Mattress firmness isn’t a one-size-fits-all metric; it varies based on materials, construction, and personal body characteristics.

1. Material Composition

The type of material used in a mattress plays a significant role in how firm or soft it feels. Some materials naturally provide more contouring and sinkage, while others offer a more resilient, supportive feel.

• Memory Foam: This material is known for its ability to conform to the body, creating a “hugging” sensation. Because of its pressure-relieving properties, memory foam mattresses tend to feel softer, making them ideal for side sleepers or those who prefer a plush sleeping surface.
• Latex: Unlike memory foam, latex is a naturally responsive material that provides a firmer and more buoyant feel. Latex mattresses are popular for their durability and ability to maintain consistent support without excessive sinking, making them a great option for those who prefer a firmer surface.
• Innerspring & Hybrid: Traditional innerspring mattresses rely on coils for support, often resulting in a firmer, bouncier feel. Hybrid mattresses, which combine coils with foam or latex, offer a more balanced feel—blending firm support with a cushioned top layer to accommodate a variety of sleep preferences.

The choice of material is crucial in determining the overall firmness of a mattress and should be considered based on individual comfort preferences and sleeping position.

2. Layering & Structure

Beyond the materials used, the way a mattress is constructed influences its firmness level. The thickness and density of each layer contribute to the overall feel of the mattress.

• Comfort Layer: The top layer of a mattress (often made of memory foam, latex, or polyfoam) determines how soft or firm the surface feels. A thicker comfort layer provides a more plush, contouring feel, while a thinner one allows the firmer support layers beneath to be more noticeable.
• Support Core: The core layer of the mattress, often made of high-density foam or coils, dictates the mattress’s overall firmness and durability. A firmer support core helps prevent excessive sinkage and promotes proper spinal alignment, making it ideal for back and stomach sleepers.
• Transition Layers: Some mattresses include transition layers between the comfort and support layers, helping to balance firmness. These layers add extra cushioning or responsiveness, depending on the material used.

Mattresses with multiple layers and a well-balanced design can provide a mix of firmness and comfort, catering to different sleeping preferences.

3. Coil System & Density (For Innerspring and Hybrid Mattresses)

The coil system in a mattress plays a crucial role in determining its firmness, support, and overall feel. Coil gauge, which refers to the thickness of the coils, affects how firm the mattress feels; lower-gauge, thicker coils provide a firmer sleep surface, while higher-gauge, thinner coils create a softer, more flexible feel.

Coil count also contributes to firmness, with higher counts generally offering better weight distribution and support, though excessive coil counts provide diminishing returns.

The type of coils used further influences the feel—pocketed coils move independently for more contouring and reduced motion transfer, while Bonnell, offset, and continuous coils offer varying degrees of firmness and responsiveness.

Coil height also plays a role, with shorter coils creating a firmer surface and taller coils adding cushioning while maintaining support.

Finding the Best Mattress Firmness for You

When buying a mattress, it can feel challenging knowing what firmness to choose, but it’s not complicated. Let’s take an in-depth look at how to choose a mattress with the firmness for you.

1. Sleeping Position

How you sleep has the biggest impact on the mattress firmness you need. Your sleep position impacts your potential pressure points and pain as well as the amount of contouring you’ll need to be comfortable.

• The right mattresses for side sleepers are those with a medium-soft to medium firmness. The thick comfort layers should adequately cushion the shoulders and hips, two areas susceptible to pressure points when side sleeping.
• Mattresses for back sleepers should be medium to medium-firm. The balance of cushioning and support promotes proper spinal alignment without causing too much sinking.
• The right beds for combination sleepers are medium or medium-firm. The balanced feel of both mattresses will do a sufficient job of supporting most sleeping positions.
• Mattresses for stomach sleepers should be medium-firm or firm. Firmer mattresses are sturdy so your hips won’t sink and cause lower back pain.

2. Weight

Your weight affects the amount of pressure you place on your bed and how the bed feels beneath you.

Therefore, lightweight and heavy sleepers require a different level of support. Most mattress companies base their firmness rating on the average-sized person who weighs between 130 to 230 pounds. If you’re not an average-sized adult, it may be unclear which firmness you need, but we’re here to help.

The right beds for petite adults, those less than 130 pounds, are softer than what’s recommended for their sleeping position. Conversely, the best mattresses for heavier sleepers, those 230 pounds or more, are firmer than what’s recommended for their sleeping position.

For example, if you’re a petite adult and need a medium-firm mattress, a medium mattress will feel like a medium-firm mattress beneath you.

3. Climate and Temperature Regulation

The firmness of a mattress significantly affects its ability to regulate temperature, which is essential for maintaining a comfortable sleep environment. The materials used in softer mattresses, particularly memory foam, tend to retain body heat, potentially causing discomfort for individuals who sleep hot. Memory foam contours closely to the body, trapping warmth and limiting airflow, which may lead to excessive sweating and restlessness during sleep.

Conversely, firmer mattresses, such as those made with innerspring coils or latex, allow for better airflow and heat dissipation. The structure of these mattresses promotes breathability, keeping sleepers cooler throughout the night.

For individuals who are prone to overheating, mattresses infused with cooling technologies—such as gel-infused memory foam, open-cell foam, or breathable fabrics—can further enhance comfort by dissipating excess heat.

If temperature regulation is a primary concern, hybrid mattresses that combine coil systems with cooling memory foam layers may offer an optimal balance. These models provide airflow through the coils while offering the contouring benefits of memory foam without excessive heat retention.

4. Body Pain and Health Conditions

If you suffer from chronic pain or have specific health conditions like arthritis, sciatica, or fibromyalgia, choosing the right mattress firmness is crucial for your overall comfort and well-being. The firmness of your mattress can either alleviate discomfort by providing adequate support and pressure relief or exacerbate symptoms by putting strain on sensitive areas.

Individuals experiencing back pain typically benefit from a medium-firm mattress. This level of firmness provides a balance between support and contouring, helping to maintain spinal alignment while reducing strain on the back muscles. A mattress that is too soft may cause excessive sinking, leading to misalignment, while one that is too firm may create undue pressure on the spine.

Individuals dealing with acid reflux or sleep apnea may find relief with an adjustable mattress or one that supports elevation. Sleeping with the upper body slightly elevated can help reduce acid reflux symptoms by preventing stomach acid from traveling up the esophagus. Additionally, elevating the head can improve airflow and minimize obstructions that contribute to snoring and sleep apnea episodes, leading to better quality sleep.

5. Edge Support

Edge support is an important factor to consider, particularly if you tend to sit or sleep near the edge of the bed. The level of firmness in a mattress influences how well it maintains its structure and resists sagging around the perimeter.

Firmer mattresses generally provide superior edge support. The reinforced structure prevents excessive compression when sitting on the edge, making it easier to get in and out of bed. This is particularly beneficial for older adults or individuals with mobility issues who require stability when transitioning between sitting and lying down.

Softer mattresses, while comfortable, may compress significantly along the edges, creating a sinking feeling that can make getting out of bed more challenging. If strong edge support is a priority, look for mattresses that incorporate reinforced foam perimeters or high-density edge support systems to prevent premature sagging and extend durability.

6. Budget and Durability

The firmness of a mattress can directly impact its lifespan and overall value for money. Softer mattresses tend to wear out more quickly due to increased compression over time.

As the materials conform to the body’s shape, they may lose their resilience faster, leading to sagging and reduced support. This is especially true for low-density memory foam or pillow-top mattresses, which may develop impressions and indentations after prolonged use.

Firmer mattresses, on the other hand, generally have a longer lifespan, particularly for heavier individuals. The sturdy construction and high-density materials in firmer models prevent premature sagging, ensuring consistent support for years. Additionally, hybrid and innerspring mattresses with durable coil systems often maintain their structural integrity longer than purely foam-based options.

Investing in a high-quality mattress with robust materials and craftsmanship can extend its longevity, regardless of its firmness level. Look for mattresses with long-term warranties, high-density foams, durable coil systems, and reinforced edges to ensure better durability and prolonged comfort.

7. Partner Preferences

If you share a bed with a partner, their mattress firmness preferences and sleep habits should also be taken into account when selecting a mattress. Different sleeping positions, body types, and comfort preferences can make it challenging to find a mattress that suits both individuals.

8. Sleeping Partner

If you share a bed, you have to consider your partner’s needs, too, especially if they have different firmness needs. This can ensure you’re both comfortable.

The best mattress size for couples is arguably a split king size mattress so both you and your partner can choose different firmness levels and won’t need to worry about motion transfer.

However, split king mattresses can get expensive and require specific accessories, so this isn’t an option for everyone.

A medium mattress is usually a decent balance of support and comfort and works well for most sleepers.

For couples with differing firmness preferences, a medium-firm mattress often serves as a good compromise, offering balanced support and contouring.

Some mattresses feature dual-firmness designs, allowing each side to have a different level of firmness to accommodate individual needs. Adjustable air mattresses, such as those with customizable firmness settings, can also be an excellent option for partners with varying comfort preferences.

Motion isolation is another crucial factor for couples. Softer memory foam and hybrid mattresses with motion-reducing layers absorb movement, preventing disturbances when one person shifts positions or gets out of bed.

In contrast, firmer innerspring mattresses may transfer motion more readily, potentially disrupting a partner’s sleep. If motion transfer is a concern, consider mattresses designed with motion isolation technology to minimize disturbances.

What’s the Difference Between Firmness and Support?

Although firmness and support may seem interchangeable, they’re not the same thing. Firmness impacts the feel of your bed, while support refers to how well your bed aligns your spine.

Firmness is how a mattress feels when you lie down on it—whether it’s plush, medium, or firm—while support refers to the mattress’s ability to keep your spine properly aligned throughout the night. Even a soft mattress can provide excellent support if designed with high-quality materials and zoned reinforcement.

For instance, a firm mattress may feel solid and sturdy, but if it lacks proper ergonomic design, it might not provide the necessary support for spinal health. Conversely, a softer mattress may feel plush and cushiony but can still offer excellent support if it contains a high-density core or zoned support layers.

A common misconception is that soft mattresses are unsupportive and sag quickly while firm mattresses are uncomfortable and stiff.

However, modern mattress technology has advanced significantly, allowing manufacturers to create soft mattresses with reinforced core support and firm mattresses with plush comfort layers to improve pressure relief.

A high-quality soft mattress can be supportive and durable, while a high-quality firm mattress can be comfortable.

So, when looking for a mattress, don’t assume firmness and support are the same. Keep both in mind to ensure your mattress is both supportive and comfortable.

Instead, consider factors such as mattress materials, construction, and sleep position. Side sleepers may require more cushioning for pressure points, whereas back and stomach sleepers often need firmer support to prevent spinal misalignment.

Hybrid and memory foam mattresses, for example, can provide both support and firmness tailored to different sleep needs. Keep both in mind to ensure your mattress is both supportive and comfortable.

Testing mattress firmness

1. In-Store Mattress Testing

When shopping in-store, dedicate at least 10–15 minutes to lying on the mattress in your regular sleeping position. If you shift positions during the night, try each one to gauge how the mattress adapts. Notice the level of support and how well it relieves pressure points. Ask questions about the construction and materials, and trust your first impressions — if it doesn’t feel comfortable in the store, it likely won’t improve at home.

2. Making the Most of Sleep Trials

Many online mattress companies provide risk-free sleep trials, typically ranging from 100 nights to a year. This allows you to experience the mattress in your natural sleep environment. Use the entire trial period to evaluate comfort, firmness, and support. If the mattress doesn’t meet your needs, take advantage of return or exchange policies for a better fit.

FAQs

What is “universal comfort”?

Some brands describe their mattresses as “universally comfortable,” though this usually means the mattress is around a medium or medium-firm firmness (5 to 8 on the firmness scale).

A universal comfort mattress may be tempting because it can take the stress out of choosing a mattress firmness, but there’s not a “one size fits all” mattress. Although medium and medium-firm mattresses provide a balance of comfort and support, you may need more or less support and cushioning.

What is the best firmness for a mattress?

There is not one best firmness for a mattress because firmness is subjective. The best firmness for you depends on your body type and sleeping position. From there, you can find the optimal firmness for you.

How do I know if my mattress is too soft or too hard?

There are several signs you should look out for to determine whether or not your current mattress is too firm for you:

• You wake up with back, shoulder, or hip pain
• You wake up feeling exhausted
• Your arms and hands feel numb or tingly
• Your mattress doesn’t contour to your body

Similarly, here are the signs that your mattress is too soft for your needs:

• You struggle to get comfortable to fall asleep
• You feel your bed bottoming out when you lie down
• You wake up with a sore lower back or neck
• You feel trapped in your bed
• It’s difficult getting in and out of bed

Do mattresses get softer over time?

Yes. Now, this doesn’t mean your new mattress will get drastically softer over only several months of use. Instead, when your mattress ages after several years of use, it will soften, grow lumpy, and you’ll eventually need to replace it.

Your mattress’s lifespan will depend on the type of mattress you have—memory foam latex, hybrid, etc—though mattresses typically last between 7 to 10 years. With this in mind, your mattress’s firmness does not affect its lifespan.

Can a Mattress Topper Help with Lower Back Pain?

Yes, a mattress topper can add extra support or cushioning, helping to improve comfort and spinal alignment without needing to replace the entire mattress. A memory foam or latex topper can provide contouring support to relieve pressure points. However, if the underlying mattress is too worn out, a topper may offer only temporary relief.

How Often Should I Replace My Mattress for Back Pain Relief?

Most mattresses should be replaced every 7–10 years. An old, sagging mattress can contribute to back pain by failing to provide adequate support. Over time, materials break down, leading to uneven surfaces that strain the spine. Regularly assessing your mattress for signs of wear, such as lumps or indentations, can help determine if it’s time for a replacement.

What Mattress Firmness Helps Relieve Lower Back Pain?

A medium-firm mattress is generally the best choice for lower back pain, as it provides a balance of support and cushioning. It helps maintain proper spinal alignment while reducing pressure on the lower back. Too-soft mattresses can cause the spine to sink, leading to misalignment, while overly firm options may create pressure points. Personal preference and body weight also play a role in selecting the right firmness level.

Are soft mattresses bad for you?

A soft mattress is not bad for you so long as it’s a suitable firmness for your body and needs. On the other hand, an old mattress that has gone soft, lumpy, and saggy is bad for you because it’s worn down and unsupportive, not necessarily because it’s soft.

Conclusion

The main elements to consider when shopping for a new mattress are your weight, primary sleeping position, and if you have a sleeping partner. Once you’ve determined all of these factors, choosing a mattress firmness isn’t so hard.

Still, always take advantage of sleep trial periods when buying a mattress so you can test your mattress. Sleep trials protect you if you take a bed home and decide it’s not right for you. But remember, it takes about 30 days to break in and adjust to a new mattress, so don’t rush to return a bed until you’ve truly adapted to it.